all across the nation meaning in Chinese

全国上下，从东到西

Although there is no real option pricing trading market all across the nation , the application of the theories will enjoy the bright future because many financial tools and businesses embody the idea of the option . the main applications include : the pricing of the company ' s financing tools , including stock , bond , convertible bond and so on ; the calculation of the proportion of liability to stock in case of changing the liability a company owes to a creditor into the stock share ; the evaluation of the value of a loan and analysis of the credit risk of loans in our country from the point of option ; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of executive stock . option and the improvement of the executive stock option
尽管目前中国还没有期权交易市场，但由于许多金融工具和金融业务中都包含了期权的思想，期权定价理论在我国仍有广阔的应用前景，本文对此进行了探索。主要的应用内容有以下四方面：公司融资工具，既包括传统融资工具股票、债券的定价，也包括新型融资工具可转换债券和认股权证的定价；债转股业务中比例的确定，用布莱克-斯科尔斯模型和二项分布模型两种方法计算；贷款业务定价，并从期权角度分析我国贷款的信用风险状况、成因；经理人期权激励，包括其原理、对其有效性的实证分析，并引进指数期权作为改进方法。